Accountability
is a concept in ethics with several meanings.
It is often used synonymously with such concepts as
Answerability,
Enforcement, Responsibility Blameworthiness, Liability and
other terms associated with the Expectation of Account-Giving. As
an aspect of governance, it has been central to discussions related
to problems in both the public and private corporation worlds.
Accountability is defined as "A is accountable to B when A is
obliged to inform B about A's (past or future) actions and
decisions,
to justify them, and to suffer punishment in the case of
eventual
misconduct".
IN LEADERSHIP roles, Accountability is the Acknowledgment
and Assumption of Responsibility for Actions, Products, Decisions,
and
Policies including the administration,
governance and implementation within the scope of the role or
employment position and Encompassing the Obligation to report,
explain
and be Answerable for Resulting Conseque
Political accountability
Political accountability is the accountability of the
government,
civil servants and
politicians to the public and to
legislative bodies such as
congress or
parliament.
Elections are a direct way of holding
politicians
accountable to the public. In the lead up to an election,
candidates
and parties must campaign, explaining their position on
matters of
public interest. The
electorate can also vote on a candidate's
past record if he or she is seeking re-election. In some cases -
for example the
Legislative
Assembly of British Columbia in
Canada - voters also have the right to
petition for a
recall election between
normal elections.
Generally, however, voters do not have any direct way of
holding elected representatives to account during the
term for which they have
been elected. Additionally, some officials and legislators may be
appointed rather than elected.
Constitution, or
statute, can empower a
legislative body
to hold their own members, the government, and government
bodies to
account. This can be through holding an internal or
independent
inquiry.
Inquiries are usually held in response to an allegation of
misconduct
or corruption. The powers, procedures and sanctions vary from
country
to country. The legislature may have the power to
impeach the individual, remove them, or suspend
them from office for a period of time. The accused person might
also decide to
resign before trial.
Impeachment in the United
States has been used both for elected representatives and other
civil offices, such as
district
court
judges.
Political Corruption
Political corruption
is the use of governmental powers by
government officials for illegitimate private gain. Misuse of
government power for other purposes, such as repression of
political
opponents and general police brutality, is not considered
political
corruption. Neither are illegal acts by private persons or
corporations
not directly involved with the government. An illegal act by
an
officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act
is
directly related to their official duties.
All forms of
government are susceptible to political
corruption. Forms of corruption vary, but include
bribery,
extortion,
cronyism,
nepotism,
patronage,
graft, and
embezzlement. While corruption may
facilitate criminal enterprise such as
drug trafficking,
money laundering, and
trafficking, it is not
restricted to these
organized crime
activities. In some nations, corruption is so common that it
is
expected when ordinary businesses or citizens interact with
government
officials. The end point of political corruption is a
kleptocracy, literally "rule by thieves".
The activities that constitute illegal corruption differ
depending
on the country or jurisdiction. Certain political funding
practices
that are legal in one place may be illegal in another. In
some
countries, government officials have broad or poorly defined
powers,
and the line between what is legal and illegal can be
difficult to draw.
Bribery around the world is estimated at about $1 trillion
(£494bn),
and the burden of corruption falls disproportionately on the
bottom
billion people living in extreme poverty.
Freedom of Information
Freedom of information legislation, also described as
open records or (especially in the
United States)
sunshine laws, are
laws
which set rules on access to information or records held by
government
bodies. In general, such laws define a legal process by which
government information is required to be available to the
public. In many countries there are
constitutional guarantees for the right of
access to information, but usually these are unused if specific
legislation to support them does not exist.
Over 70 countries around the world have implemented some form
of such legislation.
Sweden's
Freedom of the
Press Act of
1766 is thought to be the oldest.
Other countries are working towards introducing such
laws, and many regions of countries with national
legislation have local laws. For example, all
states
of the United States have laws governing access to public
documents of
state and local taxing entities, in addition to that
country's Freedom
of Information Act which governs
records management
of documents in the possession of the federal government.
A related concept is
open meetings legislation, which allows access to government
meetings, not just to the records of them. In many countries,
privacy or
data protection
laws may be part of the freedom of information legislation;
the
concepts are often closely tied together in political
discourse.
A basic principle behind most freedom of information
legislation is that the
burden of proof falls
on the body
asked for information, not the person
asking
for it. The requester does not usually have to give an
explanation for
their request, but if the information is not disclosed a
valid reason
has to be given.
Americans, you have the information above to consider and make a
VERY IMPORTANT decision.
Is the Democractic Candidate being Accountable to WE THE PEOPLE
for his PAST associations??
Is he being POLITICALLY Accountable to his Supporters and to WE
THE PEOPLE that want to know more about him?
OR
Is The Democratic Candidate Politically Corrupt and USING the
Freedom of Information Act to HIDE and BLOCK theTRUTH from WE THE
PEOPLE?
Please Give this information some thought.
Roman's taught that to win a war:
"Divide and Conquer".
(This IS what has happened in America = "Special Interests
Groups").
I Believe that our Nation is strong and that "UNITED WE
STAND",
Will be the statement of a nation that will ring down thru
history to our great grand children's time.
{size:2}*
McCain is not perfect by far, but he is
not a Socialist pretending to be a Democrat..... Obama is a self
professed "
Progressive
Democrat" and what do you think that
is? *
*{color:#000000}Do your homework before you vote, please.
There is more at stake t*Ronald Reagan once said that "Freedom is a
fragile thing and is only
one generation away from extinction. It is not ours by
inheritance; it
must be fought for and defended constantly by each generation
for it
only comes once to a people. Those who have known freedom and
lost it
have never known it again."</<br />
LONG LIVE DEMOCRACY
http://obamacrimes.com/
http://newt.org/tabid/102/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/3776/Default.aspx
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=16aBNduAyQ4&feature=related
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
**Please People Notice that
ANYTHING THAT CARRYS MY COPYWRITTEN PHOTO or appears to be a
response from me, BUT DOES NOT HAVE A RED STAR
NEXT TO MY ICON with a #1 inlaid on top and inline with the
text paragraph , IS NOTHING MORE THAN MY STOLEN IDENTITY AND
ARE
NOTMY RESPONSES, BUT THOSE OF A SICK WACKO THAT IS TWISTED IN
HIS MIND.
This freak is also ATTACKING by changing ID's before and
after these posts to show either 'support' or 'dismay'
depending on
who he is posting to. He has also shown that he switches from
democrat to Republican-depends on which person he wants to
insult.
I suggest that we ALL IGNORE any and ALL posts on ALL
Ireports that are HATE/RAGE/RACE Generated and STOP his
TWISTED
game. **
In response to assignment:
Sound Off